Geo-e-learning grade 11-12.com

On a slope Tension gashes in a road  Telephone pole tilt Fences tilt and bend or break Base of tree turns downslope Terracettes form on slope Soil pile up behind walls

  Strategies Modify the slope gradient by removal or addition of material. Build retaining walls to increase external support. Plant deep rooted walls to increase external support. Create berms in place where Rock fall are anticipated like roads cuts. Install rock bolts or artificial plant roots that mechanically bolt weak rock layers to the bedrock.

  Human impacts

  Scree Is formed because of weathering and occurs at the foot of the mountain, frost shattering takes place in colder areas or in high mountains regions. There is little water available with limited vegetation cover.

  Rockfalls Are the sudden falling of individual rocks from near vertical cliffs, often result from frost wedging in cold mountainous areas and water saturation in humid mountainous areas as the rocks fall they break down and collect at the bottom of the slope those broken rocks are then called talus. Lands lides Are the sudden movement of large quantities of loose surface rocks and soil down valley sides and cliff faces. Landslides also result from gravitational pull and wetness caused by water, landslides can result in loss of life and destruction of property, especially if the rock material consist of huge masses of rocks.

 Soil flow/Solifuction Mud flow Rotational slide/slump Rockfall Soil creep Mudflows Occurs when the slope materials become so saturated that the cohesive bond between particles are lost. Saturated material then flow downslope like a thick fluid. The flow stop when water is lost through seepage. Mudflow occurs at steeper slopes causing rapid run-off, after periods of intensive (heavy) rainfall volume and weight is added to the soil. The soil overlies impermeable bedrocks, when mud loses its momentum large boulders are deposited. Soil creep Is the slow movement of soil down the slope it occurs on a very gentle slope , where there is vegetation cover. The rate of soil creep increases when the soil on the slope is wet, soil creep is caused by earthquakes, alternate wetting and drying of the soil, movements of animals, heating and cooling of soil. Soil creep is destructive because it can dislocate telephone poles, trees, stone walls and fencing